Bone Cancer

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Bone cancer is very rare in adults.Bone consists of collagen, which is a soft, fibrous tissue, and calcium phosphate, a mineral that helps harden and strengthen the bone. Cancer begins when healthy cells in the bone change and grow out of control, forming a mass called a tumor. A bone tumor can be cancerous or benign. True (or primary) bone tumors start in the bone itself and are called sarcomas. These are malignant tumors, which means they’re cancer. Sarcomas start in bone, muscle, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, fat tissue, as well as some other tissues. They can develop anywhere in the body.

Types of bone cancer

Osteosarcoma

Its also called osteogenic sarcoma is most common primary bone cancer

Chondrosarcoma

It is cancer of the cartilage. It is second most common primary bone cancer & more common in adults. Sub-types of chondrosarcoma include:

  • Dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas
  • Clear cell chondrosarcomas
  • Mesenchymalchondrosarcomas

Chordoma

This type of bone sarcoma typically starts in part of the spinal cord.The lymph nodes, the lungs, and the liver are the most common areas for tumor spread.

Ewing sarcoma

The third most common primary bone cancer, that mainly occur in children/young adults. Ewing sarcoma is unusual in that it can occur in bone or soft tissue. The most common sites for this cancer are the pelvis, the chest wall (such as the ribs or shoulder blades), and the long bones of the legs or arms.

Soft-tissue sarcoma

It is rare, but when it appears, it can cause different types of cancer, such as:

  • Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (MFH) /Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS): often starts in soft tissue (connective tissues such as ligaments, tendons, fat, and muscle). It usually affects the legs (often around the knees) or arms& is most often, occurs in elderly and middle-aged adults. It’s quite rare in children
  • Fibrosarcoma: Bones in the legs, arms, and jaw are most often affected, usually occurs in elderly and middle-aged adults.
  • Sarcoma of Paget’s disease of the bone: an overgrowth of bony tissue and frequently affects the skull. If Paget’s disease develops into cancer, it is usually an osteosarcoma. However, this is uncommon.